We are researching the same type of sound (almost like a woman screaming) in the woods behind our house in central Delaware. No matter what you have against bat sounds at night, though, their use of brutally screechy noise is resourceful as most bats are blind and rely on echolocation, which means they need to make a lot of noise to get where they want to go and means humans are treated to a chorus of seriously questionable choruses. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Click here. YouTubes privacy policy is available here and YouTubes terms of service is available here. Tags: amphibians, Biodiversity, Biodiversity in Your Backyard, Birds, forests, insects, mammals. Share your favorite night sounds videos and tag us on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter! Burrowing Owl Like most owls, most of their calls can be heard at night. The Ferrys, the founding family of Grand Haven, are buried at the top of the hill. North American porcupines are usually silent, but often make noise during courtship, most often soft mewing but also moans, grunts and snorts. These birds might be hard to spot but their sounds are easily identifiable by their three-syllable, sing-songy whistle. Michigan has its own dark witch character. But, never fear, most night sounds have a source, and it's not nearly as scary as you'd think! Learn how your comment data is processed. There are a few moments of my life that have been marked by owls and etched into my memories. A local legend says a man named Elias Friske murdered children at the site. But a test tube containing inventor Thomas Edison's last breath? Robert Du Shane, one of three authors of the book, "Ghosts of Grand Rapids." Your monthly gift will protect the butterflies and biodiversity of the South. Most of them will be owls, but you may not recognize them as owls! I get a million people that come looking for directions because theyre lost, Lannet told the Detroit Free Press. Apparently, humans arent the only ones who think being serenaded in the twilight is romantic. Housekeeping and security have reported phantom elevator riders, doors that slam, knobs that rattle, lights that work on their own and apparitions inside the building. The sand on Bete Grise beach in the U.P. If the sand is removed from the beach to another location, the phenomenon cant be replicated. Prepare! Some even claim to have been touched by the ghost. There is little chance of mistaking the howl of the coyote, heard with increasing frequency in Maine. Almost finished We need to confirm your email address. The white light shining in a remote forest is attributed to ghosts by locals. They laugh when they feel threatened, attacked, or frustrated. Even his wife who lived in town had no idea where he was. Although not nocturnal, these birds do sing at night, especially in their springtime breeding season. Spring peepers live primarily in forests near temporary wetlands. Perdaris, who works for Thornapple Lawn Care in Lowell, has mowed the grass at the cemetery for 10 years. Serena enjoys learning about language and culture and taking road trips with her beagle Ralph. Searchers looked everywhere for Genery. Reports of unexplained paranormal activity has inspired the estate to offer annual October Darkness Tours. Creepy animal sounds from the forest Fox scream? The site is fairly secluded and the terrain is uneven. Du Shane is one of three authors of the book, "Ghosts of Grand Rapids. Strange Sounds is a website and newsletter on which I compile amazing, weird and unexpected news occurring around the world. And its not as if their appearance or mythical origins help much. There's only one problem: McMillan died of typhoid in 1870; she wasn't killed by her spouse. Lets start easy. Have you ever been woken in the middle of the night by the sound of a woman screeching in extreme fear or pain? "Some fifty thousand patients entered its doors during that time, and locals still whisper about the electroshock therapies, lobotomies, and other, experimental forms of treatments visited upon some of the patients.". Spend one night at a cottage and you might hear a variety of sounds from mammals, birds, insects, and reptiles. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Locals believe its all the work of pranksters. Gain confidence in identifying owl sounds with our self-paced, online course The Wonderful World of Owls Mystery Booms 2020 Updated List of Loud Booms in 2020, Thermal activity in Yellowstone National Park closes Upper Terrace Drive, Jade Helm 15 to produce loud booms in Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana and Mississippi, Stinky: Bird builds a nest in a dead dingo's rectum. There are different versions to the story but legend has it the ghost of a married woman haunts the area after she was murdered in the nearby woods by her jealous husband for having an affair. Even to us old hands in the woods the bangs proved a little too eerie for comfort. They're familiar sights around the neighborhood, and we're used to the sounds they make as they coo, screech and chatter. Their scold calls are a series of rapid chips, often accompanied by tail-wagging and odd dances. The primary vocalizations of Maines two fox species, red and gray, are dog-like barks. If you thought hearing a lion roar at night was weird, wait until you hear a cackling laugh outside the fence of your camp. These insects, which belong to the same Order (Orthoptera) make noises in similar ways: by rubbing their wings together. Become a Forest Defender today! A life-long treehugger, Sam earned a Ph.D. in Environmental Science in 2015 at Wright State University and completed a postdoc at University of California Merced before leaving academia for greener forests. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Hearing a bear at night may not only be weird but could leave most of the people who heard it running for their houses or their cars and hoping they arent spotted as a tasty treat. In the 1800s, a local married woman was caught with her lover, in the woods near the cemetery by her husband. Their combination of chirps, whistles, and throaty screeches are enough to make anyone get a little freaked out. Despite this, people still flock to the area to see the Paulding Light shine. The Civil War monument at Monument Park in downtown Grand Rapids, pictured here on Oct. 24, 2016, is said to be haunted by the spirit of Edward Blakely according to Rev. Veterans Memorial Park in downtown Grand Rapids pictured here on Oct. 24, 2016, is said to be haunted by the spirits of veterans according to Rev. this must have been really frightening: Again what animal makes such creepy sounds? Second, koalas can be loud. Sure, theyre fluffy, have beautiful eyes, and seem to have a ton of energy, but have you heard the noises those animals can make at all times of the day? Hi! Store hours may vary and change, please call ahead, Grandpa Shorters GiftsMonday - Saturday 9 AM to 6 PM / Sunday 10 AM - 5 PM, J.W. In the Marshall home of Bob Lund is where you'll find a gigantic collection of magical artifacts, including a skull that levitates, vintage posters and a guillotine. If you are, or represent the copyright owner of materials used in this video, and have an issue with the use of said material, PLEASE email us before putting in a claim and we can resolve the issue immediately. Wear reflective clothing, make noise, and have a plan if you do encounter wildlife. Wow. There are so many species of frogs, and they each have very unique calls. It can be heard two or three times per second when its 25 degrees Celsius and above. The White River Light Station, pictured in this file photo, was built in 1875 and now serves as a museum. This two-tone attraction call is made when male crickets rub their wings together. Another sighting in the Upper Peninsula reportedly resulted in finding horses who died of fright and were surrounded by large, canine-like tracks. Stop by this roadside attraction and your equalibrium will be tested forever. . And so they snarl and screech and bellow, never imagining their sounds, are freaking out an entire demographic who simply assumed they were mute animals. Story time: Working at Dogwood Alliance, I live in rural Western North Carolina. Subscriptions. If youre out alone at night, it can be pretty intimidating to hear your wild neighbors. Explore the latest news & podcasts. Top5s 3.46M subscribers Subscribe 61K 2.6M views 3 years ago Missing 411: The Hunted is now available worldwide!. Amway Grand Plaza Hotel (former Pantlind Hotel), Grand Rapids. Their growl and hiss can make them sound like an overgrown house cat. Throughout that trip, wed go on to hear dozens of different animal noises, from hyenas to bats and everything in between. Claw marks were discovered on the inside of the casket. I cant express how loud it was. Our striped skunk is not typically vocal, but can make high-pitched squeals during social encounters. Shorter & Son MercantileMonday - Saturday 10 AM - 6 PM / Sunday 10 AM - 5 PM, The KatydidMonday - Saturday 10 AM - 6 PM / Sunday 10 AM - 5 PM. It was June, but it was cold at night, down into the 40s. Lets get started from the ground up! In fact, there are 107 documented cases of Bigfoot encounters in The Mitten State. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This gave me goosebumps! MU Plus+ Podcasts. If you live near a forest or park, youve probably encountered a raccoon at some point, or at the very least heard the weird sounds they make, which often resembles the same noise you expect to hear if someone was breaking into your house, but instead, a fluffy black and white creature are about neck deep in your weeks garbage. See for yourself why hyenas make the weirdest sounds. Sounded a cross between an insect and a frog. The Yellow-breasted Chat's "song" is a weird and wonderful mix of cackles, clucks, whistles, and hoots. Whats more fascinating in your backyard than the things you cant see? Heres a great example of a UK fox vocalizing with a friend on camera: You may also hear coyotes speaking to each other at night. Right? You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Christmas lights brighten up Saugatuck's Felt Mansion in this 2015 file photo. Twitter - https://twitter.com/TheTop5s Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/TheOfficialTop5s Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thetop5sofficial/?hl=enAlso, check out our store and get your hands on some official merchandise! All rights reserved (About Us). NE, near Cramton Ave., is allegedly haunted by the Ada Witch. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Dogs may not be the most conventional answer to the question Which animals make weird noises at night? but Ive recently adopted a puppy who has a very active imagination and even more active dreams. A dirt drive winds through fields of gravestones under low hanging trees with crooked, knotty branches. The isolation and loneliness of a lighthouse already creates mystery. You will receive your first email soon. 2014 Screaming in the Woods at Night1. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. If not the scariest or most annoying, dogs dreaming and huskies being themselves certainly earn dogs a place on this list. Animals know dangers! Many mouse and rat sounds are produced by their claws digging into surfaces to get a better grip, or when they scurry from one place to the next. Want to amaze yourself with the sounds of koalas at night? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Did you enjoy learning about these nighttime treasures? Stephanie Lane, of Honest to Goodness Tattoo, told MLive in 2014 they've heard constant unexplained noises, seen objects moving randomly, doors that seemed to lock by themselves, heard footsteps, saw flickering lights, strange handprints and felt unexpected bursts of cold air. Cheetahs make a return to India after 70 years, Alligators are suddenly attacking boats in Texas and no one knows why, You dont need science fiction when looking at nature, Giant worm discovered by 9-year-old boy in his backyard in New Zealand. I hope this helps you identify some of the sounds you hear coming from your back yard or when youre out walking or snowshoeing in the woods. Identifying nocturnal animal sounds can be challenging especially when its an insect! Weve probably all observed a cricket making their chirping noises, but have you ever seen a huge katydid making theirs? Hyenas are probably the weirdest noisemakers out there. Video: Huge earthquake fish caught in Arica, Chile. The bridge spans Cedar Creek in the woods near Friske Drive NE, by 12 Mile Road. And it doesnt help that the low-pitched huffs and growls used by bears when theyre agitated are similar to the sounds a huge, angry dog would make while it stalks its prey. Why not explore some of the strangest places Michigan has to offer. Do their ghosts now haunt what is now the Michigan Bell Building? According to the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, male limpkins have long, looping windpipes that allow them to produce these sounds, which are used to help the bird mark their territory. McMillan's original headstone was vandalized for souvenirs so Robert DuShane and Nicole Bray, who wrote the book "Ghosts of Grand Rapids" with Julie Rathsack, worked with the Lowell Granite Company to donate a new headstone. They serve as a mating call, making crickets some of the most persistent lovers out there. The Village at Grand Traverse Commons, Traverse City, The Village at Grand Traverse Commons in Traverse City is pictured in this file photo. These screams are often just foxes going about their evenings! Get On The List To Receive Your Daily Dose Of Weird News And Amazing Phenomena. Well, then youve never heard a fox screech. Theyre loud, ugly, and drink your blood (at least some of the time), all traits that would leave most people running for the hills. And the only reason for these continual chirps? Their noises were so strange and, at 3am, hilarious. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. There are many overlapping and wide-ranging species across the Eastern United States, so Im sure youll hear some familiar noises. Then, one day, aggravated, I pinpointed the noise to some downed wood I had in my backyard. Ah yes, crickets. The Grand Rapids Home for Veterans Cemetery is pictured on Monday, Oct. 17, 2016. In the dark. He recruited the Society of Photo Optical Instrumentation Engineers to come out and solve the mystery with him. These noises could be made as a way to attract a mate or warn off predators. Like most owls, most of their calls can be heard at night. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Gibbons said his family has had supernatural experiences. They spent long hours at the center and might have enjoyed it so much that they would want to stay -- even after their deaths. wolves howl to communicate with each other, group of US army soldiers got chased from a tank, laugh when they feel threatened, attacked, or frustrated, vocalizing when theyre looking for a mat, Top 12 Wild Animals with the Easiest Lives. 58 pregnant cows mysteriously killed in North Dakota, Illinois man finds mysterious ancient tunnel beneath his home, Sheep circle: Mysterious photos show a flock of sheep standing in a bizarre crop circle pattern. Owls are some of my favorite creatures. A brutal fight broke out, and the husband killed his wife. 2016 Rhode Island Sounds2. Maj. Noah Ferry was killed in the battle of Gettysburg and his brother, Lt. Col. William Ferry, served in the war and went on to become the Mayor of Grand Rapids. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The theory is that it's two spirits: One male, one female. strange noises in the woods | creepy wild camping gone wrong. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. When the infant son of the wealthy Beeson family in Niles passed away, he was buried in the family crypt across the street from the mansion. A group of high school boys first reported the light to a local sheriff in 1966 and ever since it has created lore in northern Michigan. And to make it even more of a challenge, two are not North American species. Before the road was reconstructed, there was a bridge in the area where the mysterious events took place. 2017 Witset Sounds4. Both predators and prey mammals make noises at night, and those noises are often a mix of chirps, screams, squeals, grunts, and growls. Never approach or harass wildlife of any kind, especially mammals. Its often compared to the chatter sounds of a rattlesnake. ", A sign marks Grand Rapids' Heritage Hill Historic District in this MLive file photo. On the weekends, Sam enjoys hiking, home improvement, and gaming with friends and family. ", The stairway leading up Ferry Hill at Lake Forest Cemetery in Grand Haven is pictured in this file photo. The Sierra Camp MysteriesDon't forget to follow TOP5s on Social Media to keep up with upcoming videos and information! Robert Du Shane discusses the alleged haunting of Hell's Bridge in Algoma Township. It does not store any personal data. William Robinson is said to haunt the Fruitland Township lighthouse. See if you can match the eerie sounds to their sources, and then check the bottom of the page for the right answers. Here are the sounds possums make at night. XHTML: You can use these tags:
. The nocturnal calls of owls at their finest: Alright, Im pretty sure if you asked a child what animals make weird sounds at night, even their first answer would be owls, but I mean, they do sound a little weird regardless of what bird lovers may tell you. (Photo courtesy of Grand Rapids Public Library). Supplies recently brought from town were still piled on the dock, and the contents inside the lighthouse appeared undisturbed. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". They actually do it for a range of good reasons like: If you dont know what bats sound like, check this out. After domestic dogs, squirrels are probably the most commonly heard mammal in Maine. During the breeding season between December and March, red foxes can also give spine-tingling screams that can easily be mistaken for a human in distress. Whatever the reason, rest assured if you do run into a raccoon, it will give you an earful of snorts, snarls, growls, and screams to remind you to stay away. I remember recently watching a video where a group of US army soldiers got chased from a tank by a raccoon. And not a light, cheerful kind of laugh. The wildlife call of a bullfrog is far from the high-pitched ribbit that we were taught in elementary school. Others claim a light or angel hovers over her grave. Despite the wonder surrounding the light, a group of engineers took it upon themselves to get to the bottom of the mystery. If not, I present to you my complete list of things, or rather creatures, that become vocal freaks at night. Housekeeping and security have reported phantom elevator riders, doors that slam, knobs that rattle, lights that work on their own and apparitions inside the building. Jason Lannet, the 43-year-old owner of the Paulding General Store, has watched visitors come and go to see the light for themselves. In fact, most hyenas dont laugh because theyre happy or cheerful. It can be heard two or three times per second when it's 25 degrees Celsius and above. Thewhite light shining in a remote forest is attributed to ghosts by locals. 11) St. Ignace Mystery Spot Have you ever felt off-balance? In this file photo from 2006, Great Lakes Paranormal Research Organization members (from left) Julie Williams, Amberrose Hammond and Tom Maat, take part in an investigation at the Lake Forest Cemetery in Grand Haven. St. Cecilia Music Center in downtown Grand Rapids was founded in 1883 by women who gathered to perform, hold meetings and drink tea. One story includes a girl named Mary Monko who was decapitated in a 1914 elevator accident. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Biodiversity in Your Backyard: Things That Go Bump In The Night. Home; Listen. Eventually, gas lighting was installed in the crypt to appease her. Since 1966, folks in Michigans Upper Peninsula have struggled to find the source of the mysterious light that appears at night, in a valley outside of Paulding, off US 45 on Robbins Pond Road. Completed in 1928, the 25 room mansion previously served roles as a seminary and correctional facility. These insects usually make their high pitched chirping noise at night to attract mates or to warn off predators. Visit the Nun Doll Museum at the Cross in the Woods, where you'll witness the country's largest collection of dolls dressed as Catholic nuns. The site is also known as the "Stairway to Hell" according to the book "Weird Michigan" by Linda S. Godfrey. These cookies do not store any personal information. "As they approach the top, if they are meant to go to heaven, a beautiful white light will appear: the 'doorway' to heaven. The legend says when a person is buried at the cemetery, the spirit will travel up the stairway. Other documented Dogman encounters come from Allegan County, Manistee, and Cross Village. Or a fox screaming? Robert Du Shane, one of three authors of the book, "Ghosts of Grand Rapids." It was a perfectly quiet night, until these owls interrupted with their raucous songs. Deer? OnlyInYourState may earn compensation through affiliate links in this article. The Corn Monster of Wynn. The vast majority of nighttime wildlife just want to be left alone. And sometimes, they may giggle a little just because. A male may get especially vocal when looking for a mate, and a female may use her voice as a way to signal her approval or disapproval, for that matter. protect their territory or feel threatened. They spent long hours at the center and might have enjoyed it so much that they would want to stay -- even after their deaths. Thank you! 301 E Lake St, Petoskey, MI 49770. "They've been reported peeking from the woods and windows, spooking motorists who drive by at night. Ada Witch: 'Creepy' feelings at Findlay Cemetery. Lions make these sounds for similar reasons as their roars: to warn of other animals, in frustration, or simply exercise their vocal chords. "It's benevolent. Its said that the sound the sand makes is the voice of a Native American maid crying out to her lost lover who died at sea, in Lake Superior. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Did you know that not all owls make that distinctive Who who sound that we learn as children? Striking it quickly with your hand makes a barking sound. I was able to determine that it was a Eastern Screech Owl calling out at 3am. So about every time I try to go to bed my dog starts to bark so me and my cousin went out side to check one day we climbed a tree and my flashlight battery died so I went in side to get new batteries when I got back he said that the animal that we were looking for was crunching leaves internationally so we looked behind an old trailer didnt see anything but we did see where it mad a hole in it we still didnt see anything so I decided to look online when he got home do you know that this could be?? Thank you for this article. Well, theres a good chance youre halfway on your way to call 911 to report a murder. Ever wonder what happens to those old coin-operated games and machines when they're no longer being used? A dirt drive winds through fields of gravestones under low hanging trees with crooked, knotty branches. The second one sounded a bit like a bobcat a scratchy kind of yowl. In a small sailboat floating near Au Sable Point in June of 1890, the body of Edward Morrison was discovered. Whatever the case, though, the sound is as weird as it gets. Enjoy! I most often hear the coyotes near my house chatting like this right before dawn: Bobcats, which can have an average weight of 19 lbs as an adult, can sound much bigger than they are when they growl or grunt nearby. Their eerie hoo, hoo vocalizations are enough to chill you to the bone, especially if you realize their sounds could very well sound like a person calling out from the darkness. A few years ago, I was noticing a weird grinding noise while taking my dogs out at night. Recording Bird Sounds. Rev. Wow! And if you dont know whats making the sound? Like owls, frogs croak for a particular reason: to attract a mate. Its known as the Bigfoot Capital of Michigan. Spooky experiences inside the hotel are described in the book, "Ghosts of Grand Rapids," by Nicole Bray and Robert Du Shane, with Julie Rathsack. Tell us, where are the freakiest places that you know of in Michigan? The sound is enough to make any man quake in his boots, although in most cases, these sounds arent directed to humans at all. Unexplained paranormal occurrence had the artists at Honest to Goodness Tattoo wondering whether they got more than they bargained for when they started remodeling the old LaMar Hotel and Horseshoe Bar. Deer also give a loud bark when alarmed, and fawns produce a nasal cry to call to their mothers. Join our email list to get new Biodiversity in Your Backyard sent directly to your inbox! It is called "Petoskey Stone" because it is found mostly around Petoskey in the area of Little Traverse Bay. But like most strange noises in the forest, its origin was harmlessat least to man. The rate slows down when the temperature drops. The laugh. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Its not so much the sound that bothers people, but the consistency. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Ghost hunters often report cold spots, voices, orbs and in Nunica's case, a "lady in white" apparition. The Colonial Room, which also was called the Breakfast room, in the Pantlind Hotel as seen in 1937. This tale is another that focuses on the unbearable loss of a child. In addition to the sound of your trash cans falling over, northern raccoons are also responsible for some eerie sounds in the night, including loud screeches, screams, whimpers and whines during social squabbles, and a bird-like warble while foraging. Many of us are fairly attuned to common bird sounds heard around Maine, but birds arent the only creatures making noise. After discovering Morrisons body and realizing the beacon in the lighthouse had not been lit for almost a week, some men from Munising went out to the island to investigate. Missing 411: The Hunted is now available worldwide!http://radi.al/Missing411TheHuntedPurchase includes 1 hour of bonus material.or purchase on Vimeo - https://vimeo.com/ondemand/missing411thehuntedTopics:5. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Amberrose Hammond, author of "Ghosts & Legends of Michigan's West Coast" told MLive . No copyright infringement is intended. In the Eastern United States, the spring peeper, Pseudacris (Hyla) crucifer, is among the most iconic frog noises that you can hear at night. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Both predators and prey mammals make noises at night, and those noises are often a mix of chirps, screams, squeals, grunts, and growls. MU Podcasts. Squirrels are most often heard giving their alarm or scold call when an intruder (thats you) is spotted. I wasnt big into birds at the time, so we had to wait for an internet connection to look up what kind of owl it was. Insects and amphibians are a common element of the backyard soundscape in the appropriate seasons, but wild mammals are heard less frequently. Strange Noises Coming From the Woods in Oregon, Scary video Creepy Seven Paranormal 68.9K subscribers Subscribe 2.2K 126K views 5 years ago Strange Noises Coming From the Woods in Oregon, Scary. This two-tone attraction call is made when male crickets rub their wings together. And this brings us to one of my favorite nighttime noisemakers around cats. McDonnell, who used to serve as the museum's curator, told MLive in 2004 she believes there is an "unexplained presence" inside building. With the air turning colder and Halloween just around the corner, tis the season of all things eerie and unexplained. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. If someone from Michigan says theyve seen the light, theyre probably talking about the infamous Paulding light. Bobcats rely on stealth and so do not make many sounds that can give them away, but they can growl or snarl when threatened or during social interactions. You have entered an incorrect email address! Bobcat? The death of a child is difficult for any parent, but imagine if you accidentally buried your child alive? you helped us identify the Ohio frog that was making noises in the bushes! A bobcat? Graffiti marks a tree next to "Hell's Bridge" in Algoma Township on Oct. 17, 2016. Listen for a soft, two-note hoo hoooothe last note trails a bit longerwhich is known as their typical hooting call.
Siento Que Me Corre Agua Por Las Piernas, Falkirk Council Houses, Criticism Of Lewis Model, Articles W