By Heins, M., Cho, C. and Feldman, A., Anthony has finished the emergency meeting and sits down at his desk, exhausted. With our limbic systems continuously engaged, were more likely to pay attention to stories that make us want to fight, take flight or fill our social media accounts with links. By Theresa Chmara published in American Libraries, State Laws Relating to Filtering, Blocking, and Usage Policies in Schools and Libraries (2016) A. are the most complex type of firewall B. seldom examine the data or the addresses of the message C. can filter both inbound and outbound traffic D. examine the destination address but not the source address E. can examine the contents of VPN packets 26) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Information overload crushes peoples attention spans. Many of those who expect the information environment to improve anticipate that information literacy training and other forms of assistance will help people become more sophisticated consumers. Which one of the following statements about Filtering and Sorting is true? They will keep unfriending those who dont, and passing on rumors and fake news that agrees with their point of view. People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication. I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries (2007) ", Electronic Frontier Foundation B) In the dichotic listening task, information in the unattended channel always has no effect on participants, whether in terms of implicit or explicit memory. Now that the issue is visible as a clear and urgent danger, activists and people who see a business opportunity will begin to focus on it. This is particularly problematic for collaborative filtering algorithms, which generate recommendations based on the item's interactions. Fencing Out Knowledge:Impacts of the Children's Internet Protection Act 10 Years Later (2014) If a news story reaffirms what we already believe, its credible but if it rails against our beliefs, its fake. Theme 1: The information environment will not improve: The problem is human nature Theme 2: The information environment will not improve because technology will create new challenges that can't or won't be countered effectively and at scale Theme 3: The information environment will improve because technology will help label, filter or ban misinformation and thus upgrade the public's . (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Most users just read the headline, comment and share without digesting the entire article or thinking critically about its content (if they read it at all).. Sonia Livingstone, professor of social psychology at the London School of Economics and Political Science, replied, The wild west state of the internet will not be permitted to continue by those with power, as we are already seeing with increased national pressure on providers/companies by a range of means from law and regulation to moral and consumer pressures., Willie Currie, a longtime expert in global communications diffusion, wrote, The apparent success of fake news on platforms like Facebook will have to be dealt with on a regulatory basis as it is clear that technically minded people will only look for technical fixes and may have incentives not to look very hard, so self-regulation is unlikely to succeed. These experts predicted that the problem of misinformation will be amplified because the worst side of human nature is magnified by bad actors using advanced online tools at internet speed on a vast scale. D) The number of items in the field does not affect the difficulty if the target item is the only one of that colour. The current [information] models are driven by clickbait, and that is not the foundation of a sustainable economic model., Stephen Downes, researcher with the National Research Council of Canada, wrote, Things will not improve. Communication is how we convey information to one another, whether written, verbal, nonverbal, or. Managers tend to spend about 30% of every day communicating. Which of the following outlines an advantage of inhibition of return? The proliferation of sources will increase the number of people who dont know who or what they trust. Which one of the following statements on Filtering and Sorting is true? The excuse that the scale of posts on social media platforms makes human intervention impossible will not be a defense. I dont think they will put much effort into eliminating it., A vice president for public policy at one of the worlds foremost entertainment and media companies commented, The small number of dominant online platforms do not have the skills or ethical center in place to build responsible systems, technical or procedural. OAKLAND, Calif. California voters are poised to reject an affirmative action measure despite a summer of racial justice activism and overwhelming support for Black Lives Matter in one of the . Broken as it might be, the internet is still capable of routing around damage., Marina Gorbis, executive director of the Institute for the Future, predicted, Its not going to be better or worse but very different. The public must fund and support the production of objective, accurate information. A) Target detection is faster in the cued location through the use of automatic processing. B) If 25% of items are congruent, the participant will more quickly identify an incongruent item than another person whose task involves 75% congruency. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a long-standing treatment choice for disorders such as depression when pharmacological treatments have failed. The more a given source is attributed to fake news, the lower it will sit in the credibility tree. Theres no technical solution for designing a system that prevents people from asserting that Obama is a Muslim but allows them to assert that Jesus loves you., Amy Webb, author and founder of the Future Today Institute, wrote, In an era of social, democratized media, weve adopted a strange attitude. The staff of the Office for Intellectual Freedom is available to answer questions or provide assistance to librarians, trustees, educators and the public about internet filtering. The respondents who supported this view noted that peoples actions from consciously malevolent and power-seeking behaviors to seemingly more benign acts undertaken for comfort or convenience will work to undermine a healthy information environment. Misinformation is not like a plumbing problem you fix. A new system emerged and I believe we have the motivation and capability to do it again. Alejandro Pisanty, a professor at UNAM, the National University of Mexico, and longtime internet policy leader, observed, Overall, at least a part of society will value trusted information and find ways to keep a set of curated, quality information resources. D) 50 objects including blue triangles and red circles. Two rows in the cell range can be filtered independently. (See About this canvassing of experts for details about this sample.) A new system emerged and I believe we have the motivation and capability to do it again. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. This has been referred to as the weaponization of public narratives. C) Filters can only be established on an Excel table. Experimental scientists have many careful protocols in place to assure the veracity of their work, and the questions they ask have well-defined answers and still there can be controversy about what is true, what work was free from outside influence. O Both Sorting and Filtering will rearrange the data. As a result, there are strong economic forces incentivizing the creation and spread of fake news. They predicted that manipulative actors will use new digital tools to take advantage of humans inbred preference for comfort and convenience and their craving for the answers they find in reinforcing echo chambers. Most of these experts do not expect there will be a perfect system but they expect advances. Jamais Cascio. There will be a sort of gold standard set of sources, and there will be the fringe. There is too much incentive to spread disinformation, fake news, malware and the rest. That type of situation will continue. b.Consensus, Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between conflict and performance is true? In fact, there is a virtuous circle where acquisition of trustable information reduces ignorance, which leads to better use of better information, etc., Judith Donath,fellow at Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society and founder of the Sociable Media Group at the MIT Media Lab, wrote, Yes, trusted methods will emerge to block false narratives and allow accurate information to prevail, and, yes, the quality and veracity of information online will deteriorate due to the spread of unreliable, sometimes even dangerous, socially destabilizing ideas. Filters and algorithms will improve to both verify raw data, separate overlays and to correct for a feedback loop., Semantic technologies will be able to cross-verify statements, much like meta-analysis., The credibility history of each individual will be used to filter incoming information., The veracity of information will be linked to how much the source is perceived as trustworthy we may, for instance, develop a trust index and trust will become more easily verified using artificial-intelligence-driven technologies., The work being done on things like verifiable identity and information sharing through loose federation will improve things somewhat (but not completely). The biggest risk, as with many things, is that narrow self-interest stops people from effectively collaborating.. C) Gender of speaker Five or 10 years from now, I expect there to continue to be many reliable sources of news, and a multiplicity of sources. global greece study set bcs for some reason n, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, MARK2051 Week 4 Stimulus Perception Ch 8 & Ch, MCAT- Behavioral Sciences- 4.2 Problem-Solvin. Too many Americans will live in political and social subcultures that will champion false information and encourage use of sites that present such false information.. During the discussion on the item afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and. He recently read a memo from one department presenting a new, idea for a product. This makes many vulnerable to accepting and acting on misinformation. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. C) Information with semantic relevance receives further processing even if not directly attended to. DECENT is an early example. And an anonymous respondent from Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society said, They will be cryptographically verified, with concepts., But others were less confident that blockchain will work. B) A blue B. They eschew accountability for the impact of their inventions on society and have not developed any of the principles or practices that can deal with the complex issues. E-rate and Universal Service In a spatial cueing paradigm, the target appears shortly after the cue, and equally often in both cued and uncued locations at random on the left and right sides. Filtered is considered stronger-meaning that we can be more confident that literature from this category better supports cause and effect. C) 50 objects including red triangles and green circles D) The early selection filter because it does not filter out irrelevant physical information until after irrelevant semantic information is filtered out early in processing. A leading researcher studying the spread of misinformation observed, I know systems like blockchain are a start, but in some ways analog systems (e.g., scanned voting ballots) can be more resilient to outside influence than digital solutions such as increased encryption. () Listen RESPONSE BOARD Do you agree that Bernie Ebbers's lack of conflict-management skills was a contributing factor in the fall of WorldCom? Solving this problem will require larger changes in society., A number of respondents mentioned market capitalism as a primary obstacle to improving the information environment. Governments and organizations are major actors in this space., An anonymous respondent said, Actors can benefit socially, economically, politically by manipulating the information environment. Advertising used to provide newspapers with money to pay such people. Christian H. Huitema, Tom Rosenstiel, author, director of the American Press Institute and senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, commented, Whatever changes platform companies make, and whatever innovations fact checkers and other journalists put in place, those who want to deceive will adapt to them. D) It cannot explain the findings of the dichotic listening paradigm. Featured Speakers: Gwyneth Jones A user-experience and interaction designer said, As existing channels become more regulated, new unregulated channels will continue to emerge.. C) Adam is their friend who got lost earlier in the night and they were looking for him. I (still) trust the longstanding principle of free speech: The best cure for offensive speech is MORE speech. We were in this position before, when printing presses broke the existing system of information management. Explain your answer. B) The late selection filter because it allows for higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. Those wanting to spread misinformation will always be able to find ways to circumvent whatever controls are put in place., A research scientist for the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT said, Problems will get worse faster than solutions can address, but that only means solutions are more needed than ever.. We use what we know of statistics and probability to compartment uncertainty. D) Inhibition of return increases the effort required for an individual to attend to the same stimulus several times, thereby decreasing evolutionary survival. Most respondents who expect the environment to worsen said human nature is at fault. Two rows in a. A story can be distorted, disproportional, meant to mislead and still, strictly speaking, factually accurate. Two columns in a cell range can be filtered independently. In other words, if theres a will, theres way.. Which one of the following statements on Filtering and Sorting is true? And we have come to see the television news teams as representing divergent points of view, and, depending on your politics, the network that does not represent your views is guilty of fake news. It is hard to imagine a fair referee that would be universally trusted., Richard Lachmann, professor of sociology at the State University of New York at Albany, replied, Even though systems [that] flag unreliable information can and will be developed, internet users have to be willing to take advantage of those warnings. What is truth? A professor at MIT observed, I see this as problem with a socioeconomic cure: Greater equity and justice will achieve much more than a bot war over facts. the situation: OMG, I h8 my prof. As long as these incentives exist, actors will find a way to exploit them. afterward, Martin kept focusing on the cost of producing and marketing that product. Any row that doesn't meet the conditions (the expression evaluates to false or NULL) is discarded. It seems unlikely that government can play a meaningful role as this referee. He wrote: Artificial intelligence that will supplant human judgment is being pursued aggressively by entities in the Silicon Valley and elsewhere. By Nancy Kranich published in Library Administration & Management, Lester Asheim in Cyberspace: A Tribute to Sound Reasoning (2002) Not monotonically, and not without effort, but fundamentally, I still believe that the efforts to improve the information environment will ultimately outweigh efforts to devolve it., Bryan Alexander, futurist and president of Bryan Alexander Consulting, replied, Growing digital literacy and the use of automated systems will tip the balance towards a better information environment.. Since there are multiple approaches you can take for completing each of these tasks, we'll focus instead on the high-level activities. One potential remedy these respondents suggested is a massive compulsory crusade to educate all in digital-age information literacy. D) Pitch. But a pernicious harm of fake news is the doubt it sows about the reliability of all news. The process should encourage and allow users to ask for filtered websites and content to be unblocked, with minimal delay and due respect for user privacy. Even if there are more positive aspects than negative in a situation or person,. They will only continue the centralization of power in a small number of companies that control the flow of information.. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. Those who want to make sure they are getting a multiplicity of sources to see the range of inputs, and to sort through various types of inputs, will be able to do so, but I also expect that those who want to be in the game of influencing perceptions of reality and changing the perceptions of reality will also have ample means to do so. Statement on Library Use of Filtering Software (1997) I agree. Technology is reducing opportunities for such interactions and disrupting human discourse, while giving the feeling that we are communicating more than ever.. Filtering enables people to get the most accurate picture of a situation. The environment will only improve if both sides of the communication channel are responsible. Access to Digital Resources and Services: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights (2019) Which of the following highlights the relevance of contextual cuing? They are like biomedical or nuclear technology firms absent any ethics rules or ethics training or philosophy. Which of the following uses top-down processing to best explain Connie's sudden shift in attention? Furthermore, information is a source of power and thus a source of contemporary warfare., Peter Lunenfeld, a professor at UCLA, commented, For the foreseeable future, the economics of networks and the networks of economics are going to privilege the dissemination of unvetted, unverified and often weaponized information.
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